The Senate was a governing body in ancient Rome, originally composed of aristocrats and elders who advised Rome’s kings. During the Roman Republic, the Senate became a powerful institution, controlling finances, foreign policy, and state religion. Senators were typically former magistrates with significant political experience and social standing.
During the late Republic, the Senate’s authority was challenged by military leaders like Julius Caesar, leading to a series of civil wars that ultimately ended with the rise of the Roman Empire under Augustus. Despite this, the Senate continued to exist as an advisory body to the Emperor.
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